‘Uthman ibn Affan (RA): The Embodiment of Modesty and the Compiler of the Qur’an'
Introduction
‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan (رضي الله عنه) is the third Caliph of Islam and one of the ten companions promised Paradise (العشرة المبشرون بالجنة). A man known for his modesty, generosity, and devotion, ‘Uthman played a pivotal role in preserving the Qur’an and expanding the Muslim world. His legacy is felt in every Qur’an recited today, and his humility continues to inspire generations.
His Acceptance of Islam and Early Life
‘Uthman (RA) was among the early converts to Islam through the da‘wah of Abu Bakr as-Siddeeq (RA). He was a wealthy merchant of noble character, widely respected even before Islam. Upon embracing the faith, he became one of the strongest supporters of the Prophet ﷺ.
He was married to two daughters of the Prophet ﷺ at different times—first to Ruqayyah and then, after her death, to Umm Kulthoom—earning him the title “Dhul-Nurayn” (the Possessor of Two Lights).
Promise of Jannah in Hadith
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"عُثْمَانُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ"
“‘Uthman is in Paradise.” (Jami‘ at-Tirmidhi, Hadith 3747)
And he once stated:
"ألا أستحيي من رجل تستحيي منه الملائكة؟"
“Shall I not feel shy of a man whom even the angels feel shy of?”
(Sahih Muslim, 2401)
This Hadith testifies to his extreme modesty and spiritual purity.
Contributions to Islam
1. Compilation of the Qur’an
During his Caliphate, ‘Uthman (RA) oversaw the compilation and standardization of the Qur’an to preserve it in one dialect, protecting the ummah from disputes.
﴿ إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا ٱلذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُۥ لَحَـٰفِظُونَ ﴾
“Indeed, it is We who sent down the Qur'an and indeed, We will be its guardian.” (Surah Al-Hijr 15:9)
‘Uthman was a means by which Allah safeguarded His Book.
2. Generosity in Allah’s Cause
He purchased the well of Rumah in Madinah and made it free for public use.
He funded the expansion of Masjid Nabawi.
He equipped the army for the Battle of Tabuk, donating 1000 camels, 50 horses, and 1000 dinars.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"ما ضر عثمان ما عمل بعد اليوم"
“Nothing will harm ‘Uthman after today.”
(Reported after his donation for Tabuk; Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah)
His Caliphate
‘Uthman ruled for 12 years, during which Islam spread across North Africa, Persia, and into Asia. He promoted trade, expanded infrastructure, and preserved religious unity.
Despite his contributions, his caliphate ended tragically when rebels besieged and martyred him in his home while he was reciting the Qur’an.
His Death and Martyrdom
On the day of his martyrdom, he was fasting and reading the Qur’an. His blood fell upon the verse:
﴿ فَسَيَكْفِيكَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَهُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلْعَلِيمُ ﴾
“But Allah will suffice you against them, and He is the Hearing, the Knowing.”
(Surah Al-Baqarah 2:137)
This moment is symbolic of his deep connection with the Qur’an until his final breath.
Lessons from His Life
Modesty: He taught us that true strength lies in humility.
Sacrifice: He gave freely for Allah’s sake.
Leadership: His foresight and initiative preserved the unity of the ummah.
Conclusion
‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan (RA) remains one of the most beloved and revered figures in Islam. His compilation of the Qur’an and his acts of charity continue to benefit Muslims globally. His inclusion in the Asharatul Mubashara is a reflection of his deep faith and noble service.
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