أَنوارالمحمَّدية

 Section 5 Ṣawm (الصِّيَامُ): Fasting in the Month of Ramadan 5.1 Introduction to Ṣawm Ṣawm (صِيَام) refers to abstaining from specific physical acts—eating, drinking, sexual relations—from dawn (fajr) until sunset (maghrib) with the intention (niyyah) of worshipping Allah during the month of Ramaḍān. Fasting is one of the most spiritually and communally significant acts in Islam. It is a means of purification, spiritual elevation, and solidarity with the poor.  يٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ “O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may attain taqwā (piety).” (Qur’ān, Al-Baqarah 2:183) In the Mālikī school, fasting is a farḍ ʿayn (individual obligation) upon every Muslim who is sane, mature (bāligh), and physically able. Deliberate failure to fast without valid reason is a major sin. 5.2 Legal Definition of Ṣawm (Mālik...

 Section 6 Ḥajj (ٱلْحَجُّ): Pilgrimage to Makkah 6.1 Introduction to Ḥajj Ḥajj is the fifth pillar of Islam and a once-in-a-lifetime obligation for Muslims who are physically and financially able. It is a profound act of devotion that symbolizes unity, submission, and sacrifice. The word ḥajj linguistically means “to intend a journey,” and in Islamic law, it refers to traveling to the Kaʿbah in Makkah and performing specific rites during the appointed days of Dhū al-Ḥijjah.  وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا ۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ “And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House for whoever is able to find thereto a way. But whoever disbelieves then indeed, Allah is free from need of the worlds.”

Section 7 Conclusion: Integrating the Five Pillars of Islam in Mālikī Thought 7.1 Summary of the Pillars The Five Pillars of Islam represent the foundation of Islamic life. Each pillar is a distinct act of worship that binds the Muslim to Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) and the community of believers (Ummah). Together, they form a holistic spiritual structure encompassing belief, worship, charity, discipline, and unity.